The journal supports transparency and trust in scientific publications. Any facts, relationships, and activities that may influence—or be perceived as influencing—the design, conduct, data analysis, writing, review, and editorial decisions must be disclosed. The threshold is as low as possible: if in doubt about whether to disclose, disclose.
The disclosure obligation applies to all participants in the publication process: authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial staff.
Conflict of interest refers to financial and non-financial factors that may influence professional judgment or its perception:
— financial relationships (employment, consulting, shares/options, grants, honoraria/speaker fees, patents and licenses, paid opinions);
— non-financial interests (personal/family ties, scientific competition, worldview beliefs, membership or leadership roles in organizations), if they are related to the manuscript.
Authors
Authors should disclose all relevant relationships and facts relevant to the content of the manuscript, as well as any ongoing arrangements (e.g., patent applications) that may be affected by publication.
In the "Conflict of Interest" section of the manuscript, authors should indicate one of the standard options:
In the "Funding" section of the manuscript, authors indicate the sources of support for the project, specifying the source and its role (participation/non-participation in the design, data collection and analysis, manuscript preparation, decision to publish, restrictions on publication).
The editorial board may request additional information, documents, and/or clarifications. In the event of a significant conflict, the editorial board has the right to: indicate it in the publication, limit the participation of interested parties in the process, engage independent expertise, or change the composition of the editorial team working on the manuscript. Undisclosed conflicts identified after publication are considered in accordance with COPE materials; if necessary, corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions are published.
Reviewers
The journal expects reviewers to recuse themselves if they have a significant conflict of interest. Reviewers are required to immediately notify the editorial board of any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest. These disclosures are taken into account when evaluating reviews and making editorial decisions.
Editors
An editor authorized to make decisions is required to recuse themselves and discontinue handling a manuscript if there is a potential conflict of interest (financial, professional, personal, or institutional). The editorial board will appoint an independent editor. If signs of an undeclared conflict are identified, additional procedures will be initiated to ensure the independence of the evaluation.
The editorial board may request additional information, documents, and/or explanations. In the event of a significant conflict, the editorial board has the right to: indicate it in the publication, limit the participation of interested parties in the process, engage independent expertise, and change the composition of the editorial team working on the manuscript. Undisclosed conflicts identified after publication are considered in accordance with COPE materials; if necessary, corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions are published.
Deliberate non-disclosure of a significant conflict is considered a form of misconduct and may result in the rejection of the manuscript, retraction of the article, and notification of affiliated organizations.